Knowledge Center · Thermocouple mV tables

Thermocouple mV tables (IEC 60584-1)

A thermocouple mV table lists the thermoelectric voltage of a thermocouple in millivolts (mV) at each temperature according to IEC 60584-1, with the reference junction at 0 °C. A type K thermocouple reads 0.000 mV at 0 °C, 4.096 mV at 100 °C and 41.276 mV at 1,000 °C.

How to read the tables

Every value answers one question: what voltage does this thermocouple produce at this temperature, when the reference junction is held at 0 °C? Find the temperature in the left column (hundreds of degrees) and the top row (tens), and read the voltage in millivolts. For temperatures between rows, interpolate between the neighbouring values.

In a working installation the instrument does this for you: it measures the voltage, measures its own terminal temperature, applies cold-junction compensation and converts the result to a temperature using these same reference functions. The tables are for the moments when you stand with a voltmeter, a data sheet or a calibration certificate and need the conversion yourself.

Worked example: a type K thermocouple with the reference junction at 0 °C reads 8.138 mV. The table places the value at exactly 200 °C.

Base-metal thermocouples — types K, J, T, E and N

The base-metal types cover the everyday range of industrial measurement. Each table gives the thermoelectric voltage in millivolts over the type’s full defined range in IEC 60584-1 — for type K, that is −270 °C to 1,372 °C.

Type K thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-300-6.458-6.441-6.404-6.344-6.262-6.158-6.035
-200-5.891-5.730-5.550-5.354-5.141-4.913-4.669-4.411-4.138-3.852
-100-3.554-3.243-2.920-2.587-2.243-1.889-1.527-1.156-0.778-0.392
00.0000.3970.7981.2031.6122.0232.4362.8513.2673.682
1004.0964.5094.9205.3285.7356.1386.5406.9417.3407.739
2008.1388.5398.9409.3439.74710.15310.56110.97111.38211.795
30012.20912.62413.04013.45713.87414.29314.71315.13315.55415.975
40016.39716.82017.24317.66718.09118.51618.94119.36619.79220.218
50020.64421.07121.49721.92422.35022.77623.20323.62924.05524.480
60024.90525.33025.75526.17926.60227.02527.44727.86928.28928.710
70029.12929.54829.96530.38230.79831.21331.62832.04132.45332.865
80033.27533.68534.09334.50134.90835.31335.71836.12136.52436.925
90037.32637.72538.12438.52238.91839.31439.70840.10140.49440.885
100041.27641.66542.05342.44042.82643.21143.59543.97844.35944.740
110045.11945.49745.87346.24946.62346.99547.36747.73748.10548.473
120048.83849.20249.56549.92650.28650.64451.00051.35551.70852.060
130052.41052.75953.10653.45153.79554.13854.47954.819
Type J thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-300-8.095
-200-7.890-7.659-7.403-7.123-6.821-6.500-6.159-5.801-5.426-5.037
-100-4.633-4.215-3.786-3.344-2.893-2.431-1.961-1.482-0.995-0.501
00.0000.5071.0191.5372.0592.5853.1163.6504.1874.726
1005.2695.8146.3606.9097.4598.0108.5629.1159.66910.224
20010.77911.33411.88912.44513.00013.55514.11014.66515.21915.773
30016.32716.88117.43417.98618.53819.09019.64220.19420.74521.297
40021.84822.40022.95223.50424.05724.61025.16425.72026.27626.834
50027.39327.95328.51629.08029.64730.21630.78831.36231.93932.519
60033.10233.68934.27934.87335.47036.07136.67537.28437.89638.512
70039.13239.75540.38241.01241.64542.28142.91943.55944.20344.848
80045.49446.14146.78647.43148.07448.71549.35349.98950.62251.251
90051.87752.50053.11953.73554.34754.95655.56156.16456.76357.360
100057.95358.54559.13459.72160.30760.89061.47362.05462.63463.214
110063.79264.37064.94865.52566.10266.67967.25567.83168.40668.980
120069.553
Type T thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-300-6.258-6.232-6.180-6.105-6.007-5.888-5.753
-200-5.603-5.439-5.261-5.070-4.865-4.648-4.419-4.177-3.923-3.657
-100-3.379-3.089-2.788-2.476-2.153-1.819-1.475-1.121-0.757-0.383
00.0000.3910.7901.1961.6122.0362.4682.9093.3583.814
1004.2794.7505.2285.7146.2066.7047.2097.7208.2378.759
2009.2889.82210.36210.90711.45812.01312.57413.13913.70914.283
30014.86215.44516.03216.62417.21917.81918.42219.03019.64120.255
40020.872
Type E thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-300-9.835-9.797-9.718-9.604-9.455-9.274-9.063
-200-8.825-8.561-8.273-7.963-7.632-7.279-6.907-6.516-6.107-5.681
-100-5.237-4.777-4.302-3.811-3.306-2.787-2.255-1.709-1.152-0.582
00.0000.5911.1921.8012.4203.0483.6854.3304.9855.648
1006.3196.9987.6858.3799.0819.78910.50311.22411.95112.684
20013.42114.16414.91215.66416.42017.18117.94518.71319.48420.259
30021.03621.81722.60023.38624.17424.96425.75726.55227.34828.146
40028.94629.74730.55031.35432.15932.96533.77234.57935.38736.196
50037.00537.81538.62439.43440.24341.05341.86242.67143.47944.286
60045.09345.90046.70547.50948.31349.11649.91750.71851.51752.315
70053.11253.90854.70355.49756.28957.08057.87058.65959.44660.232
80061.01761.80162.58363.36464.14464.92265.69866.47367.24668.017
90068.78769.55470.31971.08271.84472.60373.36074.11574.86975.621
100076.373
Type N thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-300-4.345-4.336-4.313-4.277-4.226-4.162-4.083
-200-3.990-3.884-3.766-3.634-3.491-3.336-3.171-2.994-2.808-2.612
-100-2.407-2.193-1.972-1.744-1.509-1.269-1.023-0.772-0.518-0.260
00.0000.2610.5250.7931.0651.3401.6191.9022.1892.480
1002.7743.0723.3743.6803.9894.3024.6184.9375.2595.585
2005.9136.2456.5796.9167.2557.5977.9418.2888.6378.988
3009.3419.69610.05410.41310.77411.13611.50111.86712.23412.603
40012.97413.34613.71914.09414.46914.84615.22515.60415.98416.366
50016.74817.13117.51517.90018.28618.67219.05919.44719.83520.224
60020.61321.00321.39321.78422.17522.56622.95823.35023.74224.134
70024.52724.91925.31225.70526.09826.49126.88327.27627.66928.062
80028.45528.84729.23929.63230.02430.41630.80731.19931.59031.981
90032.37132.76133.15133.54133.93034.31934.70735.09535.48235.869
100036.25636.64137.02737.41137.79538.17938.56238.94439.32639.706
110040.08740.46640.84541.22341.60041.97642.35242.72743.10143.474
120043.84644.21844.58844.95845.32645.69446.06046.42546.78947.152
130047.513

Noble-metal thermocouples — types S, R and B

The platinum-rhodium types serve the highest temperatures, and their signals are an order of magnitude smaller — type S produces about 0.646 mV at 100 °C, where type K produces 4.096 mV. Type B has a property of its own: below about 50 °C it produces almost no signal at all — 0.002 mV at 50 °C — which is why cold-junction errors barely affect it.

Type S thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-100-0.236-0.194-0.150-0.103-0.053
00.0000.0550.1130.1730.2350.2990.3650.4330.5020.573
1000.6460.7200.7950.8720.9501.0291.1101.1911.2731.357
2001.4411.5261.6121.6981.7861.8741.9622.0522.1412.232
3002.3232.4152.5072.5992.6922.7862.8802.9743.0693.164
4003.2593.3553.4513.5483.6453.7423.8403.9384.0364.134
5004.2334.3324.4324.5324.6324.7324.8334.9345.0355.137
6005.2395.3415.4435.5465.6495.7535.8575.9616.0656.170
7006.2756.3816.4866.5936.6996.8066.9137.0207.1287.236
8007.3457.4547.5637.6737.7837.8938.0038.1148.2268.337
9008.4498.5628.6748.7878.9009.0149.1289.2429.3579.472
10009.5879.7039.8199.93510.05110.16810.28510.40310.52010.638
110010.75710.87510.99411.11311.23211.35111.47111.59011.71011.830
120011.95112.07112.19112.31212.43312.55412.67512.79612.91713.038
130013.15913.28013.40213.52313.64413.76613.88714.00914.13014.251
140014.37314.49414.61514.73614.85714.97815.09915.22015.34115.461
150015.58215.70215.82215.94216.06216.18216.30116.42016.53916.658
160016.77716.89517.01317.13117.24917.36617.48317.60017.71717.832
170017.94718.06118.17418.28518.39518.50318.609
Type R thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
-100-0.226-0.188-0.145-0.100-0.051
00.0000.0540.1110.1710.2320.2960.3630.4310.5010.573
1000.6470.7230.8000.8790.9591.0411.1241.2081.2941.381
2001.4691.5581.6481.7391.8311.9232.0172.1122.2072.304
3002.4012.4982.5972.6962.7962.8962.9973.0993.2013.304
4003.4083.5123.6163.7213.8273.9334.0404.1474.2554.363
5004.4714.5804.6904.8004.9105.0215.1335.2455.3575.470
6005.5835.6975.8125.9266.0416.1576.2736.3906.5076.625
7006.7436.8616.9807.1007.2207.3407.4617.5837.7057.827
8007.9508.0738.1978.3218.4468.5718.6978.8238.9509.077
9009.2059.3339.4619.5909.7209.8509.98010.11110.24210.374
100010.50610.63810.77110.90511.03911.17311.30711.44211.57811.714
110011.85011.98612.12312.26012.39712.53512.67312.81212.95013.089
120013.22813.36713.50713.64613.78613.92614.06614.20714.34714.488
130014.62914.77014.91115.05215.19315.33415.47515.61615.75815.899
140016.04016.18116.32316.46416.60516.74616.88717.02817.16917.310
150017.45117.59117.73217.87218.01218.15218.29218.43118.57118.710
160018.84918.98819.12619.26419.40219.54019.67719.81419.95120.087
170020.22220.35620.48820.62020.74920.87721.003
Type B thermocouple mV table (IEC 60584-1)
°C+0+10+20+30+40+50+60+70+80+90
00.000-0.002-0.003-0.002-0.0000.0020.0060.0110.0170.025
1000.0330.0430.0530.0650.0780.0920.1070.1230.1410.159
2000.1780.1990.2200.2430.2670.2910.3170.3440.3720.401
3000.4310.4620.4940.5270.5610.5960.6320.6690.7070.746
4000.7870.8280.8700.9130.9571.0021.0481.0951.1431.192
5001.2421.2931.3441.3971.4511.5051.5611.6171.6751.733
6001.7921.8521.9131.9752.0372.1012.1652.2302.2962.363
7002.4312.4992.5692.6392.7102.7822.8542.9283.0023.078
8003.1543.2303.3083.3863.4663.5463.6263.7083.7903.873
9003.9574.0414.1274.2134.2994.3874.4754.5644.6534.743
10004.8344.9265.0185.1115.2055.2995.3945.4895.5855.682
11005.7805.8785.9766.0756.1756.2766.3776.4786.5806.683
12006.7866.8906.9957.1007.2057.3117.4177.5247.6327.740
13007.8487.9578.0668.1768.2868.3978.5088.6208.7318.844
14008.9569.0699.1829.2969.4109.5249.6399.7539.8689.984
150010.09910.21510.33110.44710.56310.67910.79610.91311.02911.146
160011.26311.38011.49711.61411.73111.84811.96512.08212.19912.316
170012.43312.54912.66612.78212.89813.01413.13013.24613.36113.476
180013.59113.70613.820

The reference functions behind the tables

Every value in the tables comes from the reference functions defined in IEC 60584-1: polynomials in temperature, fitted per type and per range — type K adds an exponential term above 0 °C. The functions are what a modern instrument evaluates when it converts voltage to temperature, and the tables are those functions written out at 10 °C intervals. The same reference functions appear in the ITS-90 thermocouple tables, so values can be cross-checked against any ITS-90 source.

The tables show the nominal curve

The tables are the nominal IEC 60584-1 characteristic — the curve a thermocouple is built to follow. A real thermocouple deviates from it within its tolerance class: for a type K in class 2, up to ±2.5 °C below 333 °C and ±0.0075 · t above. The classes and their formulas for every type are covered under Thermocouple tolerance classes.

Frequently asked questions

What is a thermocouple mV table?

A reference table that lists the thermoelectric voltage a thermocouple produces at each temperature, according to IEC 60584-1, with the reference junction at 0 °C. Types B, E, J, K, N, R, S and T each have their own table.

What voltage does a type K thermocouple produce?

0.000 mV at 0 °C, 4.096 mV at 100 °C and 41.276 mV at 1,000 °C, with the reference junction at 0 °C — roughly 41 µV per °C over most of the range.

What is cold-junction compensation?

A thermocouple measures the temperature difference between its measuring junction and its reference junction. The tables assume the reference junction is at 0 °C; in a real installation it sits at the instrument’s terminals, so the instrument measures its own terminal temperature and corrects the reading. That correction is cold-junction compensation.

How do I convert thermocouple mV to temperature?

Find the measured voltage in the table for your thermocouple type and read the temperature — interpolating between values where needed. Instruments and transmitters do the same conversion automatically using the IEC 60584-1 reference functions.

Why does a type B thermocouple read almost zero at room temperature?

Type B produces only 0.002 mV at 50 °C — practically no signal below about 50 °C. That is a feature rather than a flaw: errors at the reference junction barely affect the reading, which suits the very high temperatures type B is chosen for.

What is the difference between IEC 60584-1 and IEC 60584-3?

IEC 60584-1 defines the reference functions and tolerance classes — the mV tables on this page. IEC 60584-3 defines the colour codes for extension wires and compensating cables. Together they cover what a thermocouple produces and how its cables are identified.

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